We can enter tables into Stata quite easily using the following strategy. Given a table that looks like this:

we can put it into Stata like this:

input gender att count
1 1  122
1 2  223
2 1  268
2 2 1632
end

label define gndr 1 "Male" 2 "Female"
label values gender gndr
label define agree 1 "Agree" 2 "Disagree"
label values att agree

tab gender att [freq=count]

Run this syntax, and run a χ² test. Do help tab if you need a hint for the χ² test.

Re-generate this table in Stata, using the method above:

                   |               qual
             class |      Univ  2nd level  Incomplet |     Total
-------------------+---------------------------------+----------
          Prof/Man |      1025       1566        767 |      3358 
Routine non-manual |       124        687        713 |      1524 
    Skilled manual |        31        483        464 |       978 
    Semi/unskilled |        18        361        716 |      1095 
-------------------+---------------------------------+----------
             Total |      1198       3097       2660 |      6955 

Source: British Household Panel Survey 2001

Note that both variables have an ordinal interpretation.

• Calculate the correlation and the Spearman Rank Correlation:

corr class qual [freq=n]
expand n
spearman class qual

(Note: [freq=n] makes most commands act as if there were n cases for every row of data. For commands that don't do so, expand n turns each data row into n rows. Then, [freq=n] isn't needed.)

• Run and interpret the gamma test
• What does it tell you? Compare with the pattern of association shown in the adjusted residuals with the gamma, and consider which gives you the better summary.

Use the scouting example to explore an association that differs when you take account of more variables.

do http://teaching.sociology.ul.ie/so5032/labs/church.do
tab s d [freq=n], row
tab3way s d c [freq=n]

(Note that tab3way will need to be installed the first time: ssc install tab3way.)

Start by calculating a measure of association for the scouting by delinquency table, then for each of the sub-panels (Odds Ratios would be a good idea, since this is 2X2). Then do the same for the three subtables in the church by scouting by delinquency table. Finally, figure out how the three subtables without association add up into a 2-way table with association.

do http://teaching.sociology.ul.ie/so5032/labs/dpbig.do

Agresti uses data on race and the death penalty (use code above) to illustrate the possible complexity of a three-way relationship. The data classifies the sentence handed down in murder trials in Florida, by defendent's race and victim's race.

Look first at the defendent/penalty table, then at the three-way table (ie, defendent/penalty controlling for victim's race). Calculating odds ratios would also be useful here. What is going on with this data set?